Succubus Revealed Chapter 21

You would think the first moments of my new life, with a soul, would be magical and wonderful. Mostly, they just hurt. â€Å"Ow.† â€Å"Not quite the same without immortal healing, eh, sweetie?† I squinted into Hugh's grinning face. He stood in front of a huge window, backlit into blinding radiance. Turning my head, I slowly assessed the rest of my surroundings, taking in the familiar signs of a hospital room. I was lying on a bed, an IV in my arm, next to some beeping machines with indecipherable readouts. I glanced back at Hugh. â€Å"Can you close the curtains? Or move to the other side of me?† He shut the curtains partway, still keeping the room lit but no longer to eye-searing levels. â€Å"Better?† â€Å"Yeah. Thanks.† I shifted slightly, trying to assess my body's injuries. There was soreness in my ribs, a feeling of constriction when I breathed. Part of that was from whatever hurt they'd sustained and the rest was from the bandages tightly wrapped around my torso. All the better to keep me from making things worse, I supposed. â€Å"How . . . how long have I been in here?† Recent events were still kind of a blur. In some ways, the trial felt like it had happen seconds ago. Yet it also had the dreamlike quality of something that had occurred last century. It was hard to wrap my mind around. â€Å"Well,† said Hugh, â€Å"your body's been here for about four days. ‘You' on the other hand . . . oh, you came back to us about two days ago.† â€Å"You could tell?† I said. His smile grew wry. â€Å"You forget what I do for a living. When you were in Hell, you didn't have a soul.† â€Å"I didn't have a soul before then,† I pointed out. â€Å"I mean, technically it belonged to Hell, right?† â€Å"Yes, but even if you don't own it, you still possess it. You can't function or exist without it. Our souls are like . . . oh, I don't know. It's like they're encased in amber. They're there, and I can see them inside us. They're just inaccessible, in a way that's different from humans. When you were gone, you had nothing. Not even a tagged soul. There was just kind of a . . . hollow darkness within you while you lay here.† I shivered, not liking the image. â€Å"And now?† â€Å"And now?† Hugh's face softened, taking on a look of wonder that I'd never before seen on the usually gruff and snide imp. â€Å"Oh, sweetie. When you came back, I was here . . . and it was like . . . fuck, I don't know. I'm terrible at similes. It was like the sun, after an eclipse. You think that's bright?† He nodded toward the window. â€Å"That's nothing. You have your soul back, unfettered and unrestrained . . . and it's amazing. It's beautiful, so beautiful. I've never seen anything like it.† â€Å"Is it . . . is it tainted? I mean, I've done things . . .† â€Å"You get it back shiny and new. That's in clause 13.2.1. It's a sign of how confident Hell is about never having to give souls back. Don't worry,† he added. A goofy grin had started to spread over my face. â€Å"Even the best people have a few screwups. You'll break your soul in in no time. It's like a car. Loses its value when you drive it off the lot.† â€Å"Just hopefully not to the same degree as before,† I muttered. A new, panicked thought came to me. I was pretty confident of the answer, but I had to ask. â€Å"And my body? Which one is it?† â€Å"The same Georgina we all know and love. There are also stipulations about that, for succubi freed of their contracts. It would get messy giving you back your original body and figuring out what to do with you as far as location and time. So, you're simply reinstated with your soul into whatever body and location you were last in.† He paused. â€Å"I'm fairly certain it's never happened to any succubus before.† â€Å"Thank goodness I wasn't in the kind of body Tawny was when Jerome was summoned,† I remarked. She had been wearing a truly horrendous shape, but since we were all cut from our powers until Jerome's restoration, she'd been stuck in it. Although, to be honest, if it meant having my own soul, I would've taken that body. I would've taken my original body. I would've taken anything. The physical trappings were nothing. â€Å"Carter gave us a recap,† Hugh said. He shook his head, smiling. â€Å"I can't believe you gambled on both contracts. I would've run off with the sure thing.† â€Å"I couldn't,† I said, thinking back to the events of the courtroom. â€Å"Even if he hates me, I couldn't abandon Seth. I couldn't have enjoyed the rest of my life, knowing he was damned.† â€Å"He doesn't hate you.† â€Å"But he – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know.† Hugh wouldn't let me finish. â€Å"I know what he said, but he was still in the throes of grief from that fucked-up hypnosis. That was too much for anyone to handle. Carter talked to him when you got back – explained what happened.† My heart lurched. Was that a good or bad thing? I was beginning to gain some glimpse of just how invested Carter had been in my situation (and Seth's), but had the angel really been able to fix everything so easily? â€Å"Did . . . did Carter change Seth's mind about me or something ?† Hugh shrugged. â€Å"I don't think he needed to. If things hadn't panned out like they had that night – with the car – I think you and Seth would've had a very interesting conversation. I think he'd started to come around. It's why he was there.† â€Å"No,† I said, disbelieving. â€Å"I talked to him, sweetie. Do you really think all that love could have just been thrown away so easily? And he was here, you know. He was by your bedside until . . . well, yesterday, actually. Then he had to leave for his tour.† â€Å"His tour . . .† I vaguely remembered Andrea mentioning that, how it had become a possibility with her recovery. Speaking of Andrea . . . if my contract was off the table, Hell would have no reason to continue messing with her. She could be left in peace to heal on her own. â€Å"He went yesterday?† â€Å"Somewhere on the East Coast,† said Hugh. â€Å"I'm sure you can find it on his Web site. You were the one who always encouraged him to update it, after all.† I smiled at that, thinking of how reluctant Seth had been about the digital age. I gestured vaguely at my prone body. â€Å"Probably just as well that he's gone. I need to heal up. Maybe . . . maybe we'll talk when he's back.† Hugh eyed me, staying silent. â€Å"What?† I demanded. â€Å"He's going to be gone two weeks,† said Hugh. â€Å"That much I know. You sure you want to wait that long?† â€Å"I've waited a long time already,† I pointed out dryly. â€Å"Exactly my point. Look, I don't have any delusions about my soul. I made my choice and am content with fate. But if I were you? If I had my soul and the potential for a new life? Fuck, Georgina. I'd go after Seth, wherever he is, the instant I could hobble out of my bed. You're mortal now. It's easy to ‘wait a little longer' when you've got all of eternity on the line. You don't anymore. You've wasted the time you have playing Hell's games, bickering back and forth with Seth and who he's been. End it. Go to him, as soon as you can, and fix this.† â€Å"You sound like Roman.† As soon as I said his name, a million memories came crashing down on me. â€Å"Oh my God. Roman. I can't believe what he did.† â€Å"I know,† said Hugh sadly. â€Å"Carter told us that too.† â€Å"Why would he do that?† I asked, knowing I'd never have a satisfactory answer. â€Å"Oh Lord, Hugh. I left him there. I abandoned him.† â€Å"You did no such thing,† scolded Hugh. â€Å"You had no choice in it. And it's not like he was conned or tricked. He knew for a long time he wanted to do this. After we filed the petition, he grilled me constantly about contract details and Hell's legal procedures. He wanted to do this. He prepared for it. He was just waiting for the chance.† I squeezed my eyes shut, afraid I would cry, as I remembered him defending me in Hell. A vague memory came to me, the night before the game. . . . Roman had had something to tell me but had held off. And when I'd floated above my body, just before I'd faded away, Carter had said he had to go get Roman. They'd planned on all of this. Roman had known what was happening and had been ready to depart. Hugh was right. Roman had wanted this. That didn't make it any easier. I opened my eyes. â€Å"What do I do?† Hugh's face was kind as he regarded me. â€Å"Don't make Roman's sacrifice be in vain. He wanted you to be happy. So go be happy, sweetie. Go to Seth.† Any response I might make was interrupted when a nurse came and discovered I was conscious. She scolded Hugh for not getting her and went to summon the doctor. Hugh gave me a sheepish look as she did. It was a carryover from being immortal, when I would've healed so fast that we could easily dismiss modern medicine's assistance. The doctor, a fortysomething woman named Dr. Addison, soon appeared and performed a few preliminary tests on me, as well as giving me the rundown on my condition. When she was finished, I asked, â€Å"How long do you think I'll be here?† â€Å"If everything progresses like it should?† she mused. â€Å"I'd say you can be discharged in three more days. And you're going to have to take it easy.† â€Å"Three more days,† I repeated mournfully. Being human was going to take some getting used to. As a succubus, I would've recovered from this in twenty-four hours. There wouldn't have even been any taking it easy afterward. Dr. Addison scoffed at my dismay. â€Å"Honestly, after getting hit like you did, a week total here isn't bad at all. You took some nasty hits, but really, this could've been a lot worse.† When she and the nurse left, I saw Hugh scanning his phone. â€Å"What are you looking at?† â€Å"Seth's schedule. In three days, he'll be in St. Louis.† â€Å"Hmm,† I said. â€Å"In four, he'll be in San Francisco.† â€Å"That's close,† I said. â€Å"Relatively.† â€Å"It'd give you an extra day in there to recover,† said Hugh. â€Å"An extra day, huh?† I teased. â€Å"What happened to not wasting a single day as a mortal?† â€Å"My point about not wasting time still stands,† said Hugh. He grinned. â€Å"But even I can be realistic. Take the extra day. You need it for the logistics of travel, if nothing else. But not a single day more.† â€Å"Get out and live life, huh?† â€Å"If you're up for it.† I thought about his words, thought about Seth. I nodded, not caring whether hopping on a plane right after being discharged was crazy. I was human now. Crazy was in the job description. â€Å"I'm up for it,† I said. â€Å"Book me a flight to San Francisco.† Hugh's attention was on his phone again. â€Å"Sweetie, I already am.†

Gastritis and Its Consequence

Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach, and has many possible causes. [1]The main acute causes are excessive alcohol consumption or prolonged use ofnonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (also known as NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Sometimes gastritis develops after major surgery, traumatic injury, burns, or severe infections. Gastritis may also occur in those who have had weight loss surgery resulting in the banding or reconstruction of the digestive tract. Chronic causes are infection with bacteria, primarily Helicobacter pylori, chronic bile reflux, and stress; certain autoimmune disorders can cause gastritis as well. The most common symptom is abdominal upset or pain. Other symptoms are indigestion, abdominal bloating, nausea, and vomiting andpernicious anemia. Some may have a feeling of fullness or burning in the upper abdomen. A gastroscopy, blood test, complete blood count test, or a stool test may be used to diagnose gastritis. Treatment includes taking antacids or other medicines, such as proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics, and avoiding hot or spicy foods. For those with pernicious anemia, B12 injections are given, but more often oral B12 supplements are recommended. Many people with gastritis experience no symptoms at all. However, upper central abdominal pain is the most common symptom; the pain may be dull, vague, burning, aching, gnawing, sore, or sharp. Pain is usually located in the upper central portion of the abdomen, but it may occur anywhere from the upper left portion of the abdomen around to the back. Other signs and symptoms may include: †¢ Nausea Vomiting (if present, may be clear, green or yellow, blood-streaked, or completely bloody, depending on the severity of the stomach inflammation) †¢ Belching (if present, usually does not relieve the pain much) †¢ Bloating †¢ Early satiety Loss of appetite †¢ Unexplained weight loss Acute Erosive gastritis is a gastric mucosal erosion caused by damage to mucosal defenses. Alcohol consumption does not cause chronic gastritis. It does, however, erode the mu cosal lining of the stomach; low doses of alcohol stimulate hydrochloric acid secretion. High doses of alcohol do not stimulate secretion of acid. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase-1, or COX-1, an enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of eicosanoids in the stomach, which increases the possibility of peptic ulcers forming.. Also, NSAIDs, such as aspirin, reduce a substance that protects the stomach called prostaglandin. These drugs used in a short period are not typically dangerous. However, regular use can lead to gastritis. Chronic Chronic gastritis refers to a wide range of problems of the gastric tissues. The immune system makes proteins and antibodies that fight infections in the body to maintain a homeostatic condition. In some disorders the body targets the stomach as if it were a foreign protein or pathogen; it makes antibodies against, severely damages, and may even destroy the stomach or its lining. In some cases bile, normally used to aid digestion in the small intestine, will enter through the pyloric valve of the stomach if it has been removed during surgery or does not work properly, also leading to gastritis. Gastritis may also be caused by other medical conditions, including HIV/AIDS, Crohn's disease, certain connective tissue disorders, and liver or kidney failure. [10] Diagnosis Often, a diagnosis can be made based on the patient's description of his or her symptoms, but other methods which may be used to verify gastritis include: †¢ Blood tests: †¢ Blood cell count †¢ Presence of H. pylori †¢ Pregnancy †¢ Liver, kidney, gallbladder, or pancreas functions †¢ Urinalysis †¢ Stool sample, to look for blood in the stool †¢ X-rays †¢ ECGs †¢ Endoscopy, to check for stomach lining inflammation and mucous erosion †¢ Stomach biopsy, to test for gastritis and other conditions Treatement Over-the-counter antacids in liquid or tablet form are a common treatment for mild gastritis. Antacids neutralize stomach acid and can provide fast pain relief. When antacids do not provide enough relief, medications such as cimetidine, ranitidine, nizatidine orfamotidine that help reduce the amount of acid the stomach produces are often prescribed. [15] An even more effective way to limit stomach acid production is to shut down the acid â€Å"pumps† within acid-secreting stomach cells. Proton pump inhibitors reduce acid by blocking the action of these small pumps. [15] This class of medications includes omeprazole, lansoprazole, rabeprazole, andesomeprazole. Proton pump inhibitors also appear to inhibit H. pylori activity. Cytoprotective agents are designed to help protect the tissues that line the stomach and small intestine. They include the medications sucralfate and misoprostol. If NSAIDs are being taken regularly, one of these medications to protect the stomach may also be taken. Another cytoprotective agent is bismuth subsalicylate. Many people also drink milk to relieve symptoms, however the high calcium levels actually stimulate release of gastric acid from parietal cells, ultimately worsening symptoms. In addition to protecting the lining of stomach and intestines, bismuth preparations appear to inhibit H. pylori activity as well. Several regimens are used to treat H. pylori infection. Most use a combination of two antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor. Sometimes bismuth is also added to the regimen. The antibiotic aids in destroying the bacteria, and the acid blocker or proton pump inhibitor relieves pain and nausea, heals inflammation, and may increase the antibiotic's effectiveness.

Causes and Solutions to Prison Overcrowding

Causes and Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Introduction The purpose of this paper is to look at the overcrowded prisons that are plaguing the U.S. The prison system that we have is constantly evolving, but seems to circulate through the same prison philosophies. An overcrowded prison does not lend itself to a productive environment for inmates. Many would not care about the environment that the inmates encounter as they feel the inmate has brought this upon himself through his deviant behavior, however not all inmates will stay in prison forever. We will examine some possible solution to curb the overcrowding that is prevalent in prisons today. Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Prison overcrowding has been a problem that has plagued the U.S. prison system since its inception. The solution to this problem for many has been to build more prisons to house the additional prisoners that have been sentenced there. Those who advocate building additional prisons fail to look at what is behind the overcrowding in the first place. Rese arch has found that crime rates are decreasing. It has also shown that prison populations are increasing. Much like the Kevin Costner movie Field of Dreams with the infamous quote, â€Å"If you build it, they will come† that by building more prisons, we will only seek to put more prisoners into them. To fully understand our current overcrowding issue, we must look at the history of the U.S. prison systems and the philosophies that drove them. Then we must look at the sentencing practices that have increased the number of inmates that are incarcerated. This will include the truth-in sentencing laws, the impact of the war on drugs and the enforcement and the increasing of the length of prison terms for certain offenses. We will also take a look at the cost of building a prison and the daily costs of housing an inmate. Then we will look at solutions for reducing prison populations which include rehabilitation and the release of aged offenders and inmates with minor offenses. The U.S. derived many of its ideas about the prison system from England. In the Middle Ages, prisons were used for housing criminals as well as debtors. Juvenile delinquents also began to be housed in prisons. As prisons developed and emerged, the purpose of them changed as well. Drawing from the ideas presented in Essays on Crimes and Punishment by Cesare Beccaria in 1764 a move towards less physical punishment for crimes was made. Beccaria was also responsible for the idea that a punishment should be severe enough to deter crime, but not too extreme. In 1557, England began the use of workhouses. Initially, they were to remove the homeless and vagrants from the streets during the day. During this time, many believed that most criminals were lazy and committed crimes as a result of that. This allowed inmates to work, however they did not learn any useful skills and were not kept in the workhouses overnight. In 1790, the Quakers from Pennsylvania reformed the Walnut Street jail into a p rison. The Quakers drew from their religious background and sought to use the prison as a place for an inmate to perform a penance and to make amends for their actions against society. Also, known as the Pennsylvania System, the prison layout allowed for solitary cells. The inmate was placed in the cell, so that they could think about their actions and gain remorse. Work was completed in the cells as well, so the interaction with others was limited to an hour of exercise a day. Although the prison sought to reform the inmates through solitary work, some prisoners could not handle the solitary times and reform did not occur. There was also a high cost involved in maintaining this type of prison.

Uncovering the blind spot article Research Paper

Uncovering the blind spot article - Research Paper Example 2). The process of solving a problem, for example, involves generative and analytical approach for understanding available solutions and their consequences before identifying the best alternative. The definition of critical thinking that include a reflective approach also corresponds to Scharmer’s elements of generative listening and the U theory of understanding inner environment towards informed decisions and actions (Marquis and Huston, 2009). The article therefore establishes a strategy for understanding a leader’s inner environment towards effective leadership and decisions for solving existing problems. I for example, though subconsciously, applied the U theory to avert a work boycott by my team due to unmet demands by my organization’s management. While the team had complained about poor work conditions and demanded management’s intervention, the concerns were ignored. The team then met one morning and decided to boycott duty until their concerns were addressed. As the team leader, I isolated myself, analyzed the situation, and decided to persuade the team against the boycott and to outline to them the most appropriate strategy for solving the problem, an approach that averted the boycott. The article’s authors identify a transition from the traditional organizational structure in which communication followed bureaucratic processes and initiated communication barriers across levels in organizations. Based on the authors’ research, the traditional approach is rarely used and its application bears little success as compared to the new informal communication model that organizations are currently implementing. The authors further concludes that a shift from the traditional communication model is necessary due to emerging factors such as globalization, technological advancement, and new approaches to value creation and customers relation. Implementing the new communication model

Criminal law problem question Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Criminal law problem question - Case Study Example . . so as the party wounded, or hurt, et cetera, die of the wound or hurt, et cetera, within a year and a day after the same." In order for Eve to have the actus reus required for murder or manslaughter in the events in question, she must have voluntarily and unlawfully committed an act or omission that caused, with no intervening act or event, the death of Brian, Fred and/or Ginger. Firstly, the act or omission of the accused must have been voluntary (Hill v Baxter). This means that the accused must be 'of sound memory'. For example, if the accused drives their car off the road and hits a pedestrian, killing them, during an epileptic fit, this would make the act involuntary, as the accused was not 'of sound memory'. An involuntary act is also one that is being forced upon the accused. For instance, if a loaded gun is being held to the head of the accused and the person wielding the gun threatens to shoot the accused if he or she does not perform the act, this act is involuntary. The voluntary act committed by the accused must also be unlawful. In the case of murder or manslaughter, justifiable homicide is one committed in self-defence or in the defence of another. Other justifiable homicides exist when the killing was committed in war or in the prevention of the commission of a crime (eg: a police officer shooting a bank robber). Therefore, the voluntary act must have been committed under none of the aforementioned justifiable situations. It needs to be done unlawfully. Most importantly, an act must have been committed. An act is a bodily movement, such as the exertion of energy or force that produces an effect. An act includes an omission in the case of manslaughter. However, an omission can only be considered as part of the actus reus if the accused owed a duty of care to the victim and breached that duty by failing to act. A duty of care may arise in the following cases - when the accused is the carer of a child or dependant; when the accused is the cause of the danger; when the accused has already assumed a responsibility of a duty of care; and, when the accused fails to get medical help. The voluntary, unlawful act must have caused the death of the victim. Causation is a necessary condition for any form of homicide. The element of causation can be deduced using the 'but for test' - 'But for' not having acted, the death would not have occurred (Smith v Hogan). However, the action or omission must not only have contributed to the death but must be a sufficiently substantial and operating cause and have not been interrupted by an intervening act by a third party or event (novus actus interveniens). A novus actus interveniens breaks the chain of causation. When the chain of causation is broken, the accused cannot be held accountable for the death of the victim. However, this novus actus interveniens must not be a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused. Any act or event which is a reasonably foreseeable consequence of the initial act or omission of the accused does not break the chain of causation. When the above mentioned elements of a crime are satisfied, this constitutes the actus reus for murder (except in the case of omission, when it can only be manslaughter). In the following cases, the victims Brian, Fred and Ginger, are all fatally injured in the course of events that implicate Eve for murder or manslaughter. Brian In order for Eve to have the

Crowdsourcing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Crowdsourcing - Research Paper Example This paper analyzes the term â€Å"crowdsourcing† and its various aspects. This paper will discuss the pros and cons of crowdsourcng, features of crowdsourcing, components of crowdsourcing, crowdsourcing process elements, economic benefits of crowdsourcing and the ways where crowdsourcing is being implemented within various disciplines. CrowdSourcing: An overview The word crowdsourcing is basically concerned with the performance of a business or organization completing a task which is formerly carried out by its own employees and subcontracting or outsourcing it to an indeterminate (as well as usually big) system of community as an open call. This is able to acquire the type of peer creation (as the task is carried out jointly), although is as well frequently assumed by exclusive persons. However, the decisive condition is the utilization of the open invitation system and the huge system of prospective employees. To some extent crowdsourcing is perceived as a word which is eas y to interpret, but identifying the significance of the 2 words those usually form the term i.e. crowd and sourcing and it does not actually clarify its implication. In simple words, ‘crowdsourcing refers to the sourcing or extracting somewhat from a crowd or community, or somewhat that it manages outsourcing, that is eventually a right meaning. Moreover, crowdsourcing is an attractive trend that most of the businesses can apply to increase the efficiency of their functions or operations those would usually be managed through internal sources. Some of these functions comprise design/devising, software programs and product solutions, to study the progress policies of the companies... This essay stresses that the word crowdsourcing is basically concerned with the performance of a business or organization completing a task which is formerly carried out by its own employees and subcontracting or outsourcing it to an indeterminate system of community as an open call. This is able to acquire the type of peer creation, although is as well frequently assumed by exclusive persons. However, the decisive condition is the utilization of the open invitation system and the huge system of prospective employees. As the report declaress to some extent crowdsourcing is perceived as a word which is easy to interpret, but identifying the significance of the 2 words those usually form the term i.e. crowd and sourcing and it does not actually clarify its implication. In simple words, ‘crowdsourcing refers to the sourcing or extracting somewhat from a crowd or community, or somewhat that it manages outsourcing, that is eventually a right meaning. Moreover, crowdsourcing is an attractive trend that most of the businesses can apply to increase the efficiency of their functions or operations those would usually be managed through internal sources. Some of these functions comprise design/devising, software programs and product solutions, to study the progress policies of the companies. Crowdsourcing formulates the easy listening of ideas or inspirations. Placing an idea is rapid and easy task to do. Excluding electing, we are able to as well add to a plan by stating it more precisely.

Eron Brougton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eron Brougton - Essay Example Judge Black ruled against the plaintiff, sustaining that the defendants had no duty of care in that particular case as the plaintiff was on private property, whose owner or representative (in this case the security guard) was entitled to order him to leave. Then the plaintiff proceeded in filing an appeal in the first instance with the New South Wales Court of Appeal, which was also unsuccessful. Honourable Justices Brownie, Hodgson, and Handley unanimously decided in favour of the respondents, sustaining the reasons behind Judge Black's judgment and also making the distinction between "duty of care" and "Good Samaritan" cases. Duty of care entails "one person [having] the care of another, such as husbands and wives, parents and persons in loco parentus who have the care and custody of infant children, hospitals and patients, prison authorities and prisoners and so on" (Broughton v Competitive Foods Australia Pty Ltd & Ors2). ... from being considered a neighbour, was deemed to be a potential trespasser, and the security guard's duty of care was owed to his employer and the customers inside the premises he was hired to guard. Points in Favour of the Respondents in Case of a Second-Instance Appeal to the HCA Should Mr. Broughton be given leave to file a second appeal, this time to the High Court of Australia, he would very likely lose again. The High Court would rule in favour of the respondents and dismiss the appeal due to the following legal principles and reasons: 1) Australia's common law does not generally allow superior courts to act without regard to binding precedent, with the exception of the High Court of Australia. Even so, in the HCA the trend has also historically been to consider ratio decidendi based on the principle of stare decisis, despite the fact that it is not necessarily bound by its previous decisions. Therefore, it follows that the High Court of Australia would be likely to rule on Mr. Broughton's appeal based on careful consideration of what has motivated its decisions in the past on similar cases. Granted, there are few similar cases within the realm of the High Court, or even within Australia itself, but one that could be considered comparable is the strange case of Dianne Maree Hackshaw v. George Shaw4. It, too, involves the matter of injuries and of trespassing, albeit in a more outright manner. Shaw was working on a farm that had a gasoline dispenser on the property. He started to notice that the levels of gasoline were dropping and suspected that someone was stealing it. He took several precautions to keep it from getting stolen again, but nothing worked. After calling the police on several occasions and finally being told that he needed to provide

What statistical measures should be used to assess the commercial Assignment

What statistical measures should be used to assess the commercial viability of an organisational website What would these measures show, and what would they not show - Assignment Example Therefore, commercial viability of an organization can be gauged by examining the performance of its commercial website. Performance of an organization’s website can be checked in terms of legal, technical, and marketing viabilities. According to Clark (2013), examining a website’s operational viability should be free from subjective analysis. In order to foster objectivity, analysis on a website’s viability is conducted though statistical measures. Common statistical measures applied in measuring website’s commercial viability include; central tendency measures like mean, dispersion measures like standard deviation, and linear correlation measures like Pearson correlation coefficients. Website’s viability can be ascertained by acknowledging the number of visitors viewing an organization’s web page. A high number of visitors signify increased attraction of website contents on potential customers. Contrarily, low number of visitors indicates lack of attractiveness by an organization’s website. Monitoring the number of visitors on a daily basis is not only time consuming but also monotonous. Therefore, central tendency measure of arithmetic mean can be used to determine the average number of a website’s visitors over a finite period. Perry (2006) mentioned that arithmetic mean is a representative measure which provides an overview description of a data set distribution. Unlike other measures of central tendency like mode and median, arithmetic mean summarizes behavior of a data set in a representative manner. Measuring website’s viability using mean provides an inference about the average number of persons visiting a web page. Contrarily, use of arithmetic means in statistical analysis has demerits. Arithmetic mean does not describe any relationship between multiple variables that influence the number of visitors entering a website. Undeniably, a central tendency

Should Children Be Taught Sex Education In School Essay

Should Children Be Taught Sex Education In School - Essay Example Children are curious about sex.† (Student health service, 2010). Sex education in schools becomes even more warranted in cases where parents do not have appropriate education and resources to guide their children. In addition to schools, both family and society also need to contribute to educating children on reproductive health and well being. It is the moral right of every child, especially girls, to be provided with sex education as it will help to prevent unwarranted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and conditions such as suicide (On the need, 2010). With the rapid growth in information, the term sex is being often used in today’s world. Thus it has become a matter of importance to teach young children about the correct concepts regarding sexual matters before they become misled by inappropriate information provided by the media and other resources (Student health service, 2010). It is vital to begin sex education programs before children reach puberty and it should continue as long as children are able to make correct judgments about sexual practices (Sex education that works, n.d). Many people have argued against detailed sex education for children with the fear that they may negatively influence them. However, frightening people about sex and sexual practices have not helped them to understand the morality of sex.

Benefits of Breastfeeding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Benefits of Breastfeeding - Research Paper Example (Brown and Isaacs, 2007, p.166) Last few years have witnessed that people now are becoming increasingly aware of the need to change our lifestyles drastically in order to lessen the existing pressures on environment and the available stock of natural resources. One of the most ignored issues, with respect to the health of our mother nature, is probably breastfeeding. Breast milk is one such food item which is not only renewable natural resource and is highly beneficial for the child, but also non-polluting. It does not even require any other natural resources and can be directly fed to the child. On the contrary, the artificial baby food not only pollutes the environment but also depletes the existing stock of natural resources. Statistics show that every year, 1.5 million babies die because of it and many suffer from ill health. Therefore, whether a mother should breast feed her child or not is not only a lifestyle issue but a health, social and environmental issue. (Correa) Body se ction One: Importance of Breast Feeding This section describes the importance of breast feeding in ensuring the healthy development of the child. These articles enumerate that it is important for the mothers to breast feed their child help him grow healthily and also to reduce the medical cost of the family. If bottled milk is replaced by breast milk, this would also reduce the medical expenses of the families. In D Michels’s article titled â€Å"Mother Nature Loves Breast milk†, the author has stated â€Å"If every child in America were bottle-fed, almost 86,000 tons of tin would be needed to produce 550 million cans for one year’s worth of formula.† (Environmental Benefits of Breastfeeding, 2011) The problem with bottle feeding, other than the health issues, is that the bottles, nipples, silicon, glass etc. required for bottle feeding are resource-intensive and to make the matters shoddier, they often lead to non-recyclable and non-biodegradable end pro ducts. Moreover, tests have shown that many of the top brands of baby foods contain some genetically modified components. Even the cows, whose milk is used to prepare these artificial foods, are injected with growth hormones so that more milk is produced. Therefore, these growth hormones also find their way into these baby foods. Mother’s milk, on the other hand, are neither genetically modified nor contaminated by growth hormones, and is therefore healthier for the babies. Mother’s milk also gets absorbed more easily in comparison to formula, as a result of which lesser excretion takes place. (Environmental Benefits of Breastfeeding, 2011) Another matter of rising concern in today’s time is the rising cost of treatment. In the year 2009, the United States had spent around 17.6% of the GDP of the nation, which accounts to $2.5 trillion, on health care. It is becoming increasingly difficult for the authorities and government alike to curb this rising cost. In thi s light, the authorities have stressed on the importance of breastfeeding exclusively for the first 6 months and then continuing it for the next year or two as a part of healthy diet. This will reduce the risk of diseases for the lifetime of the children and also their mothers, as a result of which, a healthier society will emerge. (Gutowski, Walker & Chetwynd, 2010, pp.2-3) Body Section Two: The Nutrition Value of Breast Milk The articles in this

Contemporary Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Contemporary Philosophy Essay On the first page of Being and Time, Heidegger describes the project in the following way: Our aim in the following treatise is to work out the question of the sense of being and to do so concretely. Heidegger claims that traditional ontology has prejudicially overlooked this question, dismissing it as overly general, indefinable, or obvious. Instead Heidegger proposes to understand being itself, as distinguished from any specific entities. †Being† is not something like a being. Being, Heidegger claims, is what determines beings as beings, that in terms of which beings are already understood. Heidegger is seeking to identify the criteria or conditions by which any specific entity can show up at all. If we grasp Being, we will clarify the meaning of being, or sense of being, whereby sense Heidegger means that in terms of which something becomes intelligible as something. According to Heidegger, as this sense of being precedes any notions of how or in what manner any particular being or beings exist, it is pre-conceptual, non-propositional, and hence pre-scientific. Thus, in Heideggers view, fundamental ontology would be an explanation of the understanding preceding any other way of knowing, such as the use of logic, theory, specific ontology or act of reflective thought. At the same time, there is no access to being other than via beings themselves—hence pursuing the question of being inevitably means asking about a being with regard to its being. Heidegger argues that a true understanding of being can only proceed by referring to particular beings, and that the best method of pursuing being must inevitably, he says, involve a kind of hermeneutic circle, that is as he explains in his critique of prior work in the field of hermeneutics, it must rely upon repetitive yet progressive acts of interpretation. Thus, Heidegger also conceptualized that being with time prior of having that time alone. This means that we can’t have time by simply telling that time exists but we also need to have that sense of being or the individual being to say that time really exist. Time in other hand, makes a history because of that sense of being which Heidegger rely on with his work of the Time and Being.

Using Picture Books in the Secondary Classroom Essay Example for Free

Using Picture Books in the Secondary Classroom Essay There are many reasons to use picture books in middle and high school classrooms (Albright, 2002, 418). Picture books are very useful in all subject areas and all content areas that are taught to secondary students (Albright, 200, 418). There are three stages of planning and implementing that must be considered and understood when utilizing picture books in instructing older children (Albright, 2002, 419). In order to effectively use picture books during read aloud, the secondary teacher must plan, prepare and produce (Albright, 2002, 419). A teacher must plan what book will go with what lesson and ensure that the text is age appropriate (Albright, 2002, 420). The teacher must also prepare a lesson that will make use of the picture book in such a way that students will be engaged in the text within the book (Albright, 2002, 421). Finally, the teacher must produce learning using the selected picture book. In other words, the teacher must be able to observe students learning the intended outcomes while listening to and learning from the picture book (Albright, 2002, 421). â€Å"The primary focus of using picture books in higher grades is to increase students’ literacy skills and ability to analyze short stories† (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Picture books have a great deal to offer middle and high school students (Tiedt, 2000, 1). There are four major reasons why teachers should consider using picture books in teaching secondary students (Tiedt, 2000, 1). The first is that picture books are useful resources for promoting good classroom discussions (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Second, picture books provide engaging models for teaching writing (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Third, students can improve their oral language skills as they read out loud, performance dramatic reenactions and tell stories (Tiedt, 2000, 1). Fourth, can use picture books as models to write their own picture books and therefore enhancing their own individual creativity (Tiedt, 2000, 1). There are many reasons why picture books are so useful and should be incorporated into secondary classrooms (Young, 1). The themes of many picture books are appropriate for all ages and they include many genres that cover topics of importance to students of all ages (Young, 1997, 1). Second, many new picture books are published each year and older students may not have had the benefit of reading these new books. Using new picture books in secondary school settings exposes older students to resources they may otherwise have missed as new picture books incorporate better artwork and more high quality metaphor and description (Young, 1997, 1). Third, picture books are incorporating many more real world events and topics than they have in the past. For example, more picture book writers are writing about such issues as war, global warming and nuclear destruction (Young, 1997, 1). Fourth, the short format of books allows for easy incorporation into lessons. The material in short picture books is easy for secondary students to comprehend and therefore students are able to quickly grasp the subject so they can move on towards creatively applying the material to the topic or subject being studied (Young, 1997, 1). Finally, picture books the pictures in picture books can be used as a comprehension aid for secondary students (Young, 1997, 1). In the current age of television and video games, secondary students have become accustomed to using pictures to make connections so picture books build on this ability. The visual cues in pictures allow students to easily comprehend what they are reading and use those applications in the lesson material (Young, 1997, 1). One subject where picture books can be enormously useful is in math (Spicer, 2004, 1). Typically, picture books that discuss math concepts are only used in the primary levels of school. However, there are a great many picture books that can get even high school students excited about math (Spicer, 2004, 1). For example, elementary school students will gain a firm grasp on geometric concepts when reading Sir Cumference and the First Round Table. The book details the efforts of Sir Cumference and his son Radius, in showing the knights how they can all sit peacefully at a square table (Spicer, 2004, 1). High school students would enjoy the silliness of this book as well as reviewing basic geometry concepts (Spicer, 2004,1). Similarly, there are many picture books that can be applied to high school life. One good example is The Dot and the Line: A Romance in Lower Mathematics. This book is about a love triangle. The straight line is in love with the dot that is in love with the squiggle. By the end of the story, high school students will learn that when a line bends a little, a vector is created (Spicer, 2004, 1). Students of all ages love picture books (Spicer, 2004, 1). There are many fun and easy ways to incorporate picture books into secondary math lessons (Spicer, 2004, 1). Students can choose a book from a list provided by the teacher and write a report about the math concepts included in the story (Spicer, 2004, 1). They can also write mathematical sequels or prequels to books that are read aloud in class (Spicer, 2004, 1). Utilizing picture books as part of math lessons will ensure that weeks later secondary students recall both the story and the lesson (Spicer, 2004, 1). Another way that picture books are useful in the secondary classroom is in assisting struggling readers (McEwan, 2007, 1). Generally, high school students read very long and complex textbooks (McEwan, 2007, 1). The problem lies in the fact that struggling readers cannot use these textbook to learn because they are not fluent enough readers (McEwan, 2007, 1). Therefore, picture books can help struggling readers become better readers at the same time that they are learning the same concepts as the other students (McEwan, 2007, 1). In addition, background knowledge is important when teaching nonfiction concepts to secondary school students (McEwan, 2007, 1). Easy nonfiction books should be collected and provided to students who need alternative resources when textbooks are too challenging for them (McEwan, 2007, 1). Further, when students gain the necessary background knowledge and learn key concepts through reading easy nonfiction picture books, they are able to gain the confidence to try the more challenging textbook material (McEwan, 2007, 1). In order to assist struggling readers, a comprehensive list of nonfiction picture books aimed at math, science and other subjects should be compiled and made available to teachers and students (McEwan, 2007, 1). Writing is another subject area where picture books provide an enormous benefit to secondary students (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books are a readily available but untapped resource that many secondary teachers are just beginning to discover (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books can be highly visual and motivating in teaching students to become better writers (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books can be used as models to help writing students organize their thoughts in meaningful ways, to explore new topics and share different viewpoints about various topics (Culham, 2000, 1). Using picture books can show students how other authors use word choice, and editing to create a polished piece of written work (Culham, 2000, 1). In addition, picture books can enable students to use a small amount of text to find a large amount of meaning (Culham, 2000, 1). There are a wide variety of topics available in using picture books and these topics can inspire creativity in writing students (Culham, 2000, 1). Picture books explore current and relevant topics that can further enhance writing ideas (Culham, 2000, 1). Finally, picture books can often inspire fresh creativity about old ideas that can lead to better writing (Culham, 2000, 1). Social studies is another area where picture books can be easily incorporated into lesson plans (Young, 1997, 1). The study of people places and cultures are natural compliments to picture books (Young, 1997, 1). The true life events of the past and present can be portrayed through the eyes of the characters and current events can be explored (Young, 1997, 1). Events such as World War II, the Vietnam War and Paul Revere’s ride teach about these historical events in easy to follow formats (Young, 1997, 1). In addition, current events such as homelessness can be described through short picture books that incorporate pictures and text to convey the seriousness of such issues (Young, 1997, 1). Science can very easily incorporate picture books (Young, 1997, 1). An obvious example would be the Magic School Bus series that explores various science concepts through and elementary classroom and its use of the magic school bus to take field trips (Young, 1997, 1). These books explore science concepts that are easy for elementary school students to understand but are also relevant to secondary school students as they provide good introductions into science concepts that can then be built upon (Young, 1997, 1). These books provide a way to explore science through the eyes of children and include a great many side notes and text that describe such concepts as the solar system, the human body, the earth and the water cycle (Young, 1997, 1). Finally, picture books can be successfully incorporated into vocabulary lessons (Bartell, 2005, 57). In fact, picture books can be used as an alternative to traditional vocabulary instruction (Bartell, 2005, 57). Traditional vocabulary instruction often makes students copy words and their definitions into notebooks but picture books allow students to as models to create their own picture books. The use of alphabet books gives students the creative ideas necessary to write their own text and therefore increase vocabulary as they write (Bartell, 2005, 57). The nature of picture books allow for high levels of vocabulary and the illustrations provide further avenues for students to make connections between pictures and words (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books in the hands of skilled language arts teachers can create lessons of extraordinary educational value (Young, 1997, 1). The content of the picture books are important in increasing secondary students reading and writing abilities but their value goes far beyond this content (Young, 1997, 1). The pictures used in children’s literature can also help students build awareness of language as well as explore illustrations as a way to communicate meaning in a non intimidating way (Young, 1997, 1). Therefore, teachers need to be cautious when choosing picture books to incorporate into lesson plans. They must choose picture books based on the quality of the art and the quality of the text (Young, 1997, 1). The pictures and the text need to work together to provide a comprehensive book that will be easily incorporated into the lesson plan (Young, 1997, 1). In order to successfully picture books into secondary classrooms, some important changes need to be made (Young, 1997, 1). The first is the attitude that picture books are children’s literature. Instead, picture books should simply be viewed as literature (Young, 1997, 1). Once this attitude is changed then educators can start seeing the curriculum opportunities that picture books offer (Young, 1997, 1). Picture books entertain students and provide information about a wide variety of topics that can then lead to a greater understanding of the world (Young, 1997, 1). Picture books are another tool that literacy teachers should know about, have access to and incorporate into their lesson plans (Young, 1997, 1). Teachers have been reading aloud to elementary school students for centuries (Guignon, 2001, 1). Research has shown the value of reading out loud to emerging readers (Guignon, 2001, 1). However, once a child learns to read on his or her own, being read to out loud often decreases or stops altogether (Guignon, 2001, 1). Reading aloud to students of any age helps them improve the important literacy skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening (Guignon, 2001, 1). Students listen to stories read out loud on a higher level then they read on their own and so hearing stories read out loud stimulates their understanding of vocabulary and language patterns (Guignon, 2001, 1). There are some important guidelines for teachers when reading out loud to secondary students (Guignon, 2001, 1). The first is that the teacher and students must make time to discuss the story in order to expand student understanding of the topic the story covers (Guignon, 2001, 1). Second, the illustrations should be used to encourage prediction and interpretation. Using the illustrations can add to the students’ understanding of the events in the story (Guignon, 2001, 1). Third, read out loud gives students the opportunity to learn more about different authors and illustrators. It also allows them to look forward to reading other books by favorite authors (Guignon, 2001, 1). Fourth, hearing picture books read out loud gives students the chance to relate the stories to their own experiences (Guignon, 2001, 1). Finally, reading out loud brings in more curriculum related topics that are of special interest to the class (Guignon, 2001, 1). Teachers are often wary of presenting controversial and private topics into their curriculum and instruction (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books provide an outlet for these issues by presenting the material in non threatening way (Bartell, 2005, 57). Secondary students are often facing many stressors as they are not quite grown yet but are no longer children. Their bodies are changing as are the nature of their social situations (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books provide a way for students to explore the issues that present themselves at this point in life by exposing them to characters going through similar experiences (Bartell, 2005, 57). Picture books are short and get right to the point so they provide an easy way to show secondary students how to deal with situations that they are experiencing (Bartell, 2005, 57).

Chemistry Essays Ethanoic Acid

Chemistry Essays Ethanoic Acid The characteristic smell of vinegar comes from the inclusion of ethanoic acid. The characteristic smell of vinegar comes from the inclusion of ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), also known as acetic acid.   However, unless pure distilled vinegar is purchased, with a guaranteed and stated composition, there are other acids present in vinegar.   These include: citric acid HOOCCh1C(OH)(COOH)Ch1COOH), malic acid (2-hydroxybutanedioic acid)   HOOCCH(OH)Ch1COOH lactic acid (2-hydroxypropanoic acid) CH3CH(OH)COOH tartaric acid – (CHOH)2(COOH)2 For the purposes of this investigation the most volatile acid – ethanoic acid, is taken to be a measure of the acidity.   An attempt will be made to purify the vinegar so that it is mainly the ethanoic acid that is contributing the acidic content, but this cannot be guaranteed.   Vinegars chosen will be malt vinegar (A), red wine vinegar (B) and cider vinegar (C). Stage 1 – removing the colour from the vinegar Materials required 100cm3 of Vinegar samples A to C. 3 volumetric flasks, labelled A to C (250 cm3) 3 conical flasks, labelled A to C (250 cm3) Activated charcoal Metal spatula Glass stirring rod Filtration funnel Filter paper Method Place vinegar samples A in volumetric flask A and add 1 spatula measure of activated charcoal.   Stir well using clean glass rod.   Filter resulting mixture through filter paper and funnel into conical flask labelled A. Repeat using vinegar sample B with flasks labelled B; Likewise sample C. Note that the filtration process may need to be repeated if colour remains in the vinegar.   If charcoal is not fully removed from mixture then suction filtration may be required. Stage 2 – distilling the vinegar Due to the presence of other acids and additive to the vinegar the mixture needs to be distilled to purify the mixture to ethanoic acid and water. Materials required Distillation column and separating funnel Pear shaped flask Conical Flasks A to C from stage 1 Anti bumping granules Bunsen burner Heatproof mat Clamp and stand Goggles Ice bath Universal indicator paper Pippette Method Add filtered vinegar sample A to a pear shaped flask and set up distillation column above Bunsen, using clamp and stand.   Ensure all gaps are well sealed. Wash conical flask A with distilled water and use for collection of distillate Arrange column so that distillate drips into conical flask A, placed in ice bath. Gently heat mixture in pear shaped flask until distillate begins to collect in conical flask.   Test to see when all volatile acid has been distilled by placing drops of distillate onto universal indicator and checking pH colour. When pH registers over 7 cease heating. Repeat using vinegar samples B and C using clean apparatus. Stage 3 – determining the concentration of ethanoic acid Option A chromatography Materials Filter paper with pencil line drawn 2cm from bottom edge and pencil spots marked and labelled at 2 cm intervals along it Samples of ethanoic acid of known concentration eg 0.01 mol/dm3, 0.1 mol/dm3 and 0.05 mol/dm3 Glass beaker Vinegar samples A to C Glass pipette Water tweezers Bromocresol green indicator solution Household plant spray bottle gogglesMethod Place spots of known concentration ethanoic acid on each of the labelled pencil spots on the filter paper.   Place spots of vinegar samples A to C on remaining spots.   Place chromatogram in beaker with water up to 1 cm, ie below pencil line. Leave until water has spread  ¾ up filter paper.   Remove with tweezers and leave to dry. When dry spray with bromocresol green solution from household plant spray bottle until paper is damp but not sopping.   Dry chromatogram. Compare colour of indicator of samples A to C to known concentrations of CH3COOH, the one closest in colour would represent the actual concentration.This m ethod would not be chosen in the final experiment, as there is a lot of subjectivity to comparing the colours.   Also the technique of spraying the chromatogram is not easy to master. Option B – titration using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Equations and scientific calculation methodology Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid , which only dissociates partially in solution with water.   As an acid CH3COOH donates protons, which are accepted by water in solution to form the hydroxyonium ion: CH3COOH (aq) + h10(l) ↔ CH3COO-(aq) = H30+(aq) Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, so it dissociates fully in water: NaOH(aq) {+ h10 }↔ Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) {+ h10} Note, that the water is effectively unchanged by the NaOH as the strong base dissociating causes an excess of OH-, which would shift the normal water dissociation equilibrium h10 ↔ H+ + OH- to the left. When titrated 1 mol of CH3COOH would react with 1 mol of NaOH in a neutralisation reaction to form the salt and water: NaOH (aq) + CH3COOH(aq) ↔ CH3COONa (aq) + h1O(l) Therefore if a known amount of a known concentration of NaOH is used to titrate a known volume of vinegar, the concentration of ethanoic acid in the vinegar could be calculated as shown in the example below: Molarity of solution x volume of solution = number of mols used. If 23ml of NaOH is used to titrate 20ml of vinegar and Molarity x volume / 1000 = no of mols used 1 x 23/1000 = 0.023mols of NaOH used to neutralise 20ml vinegar As 1 mol of NaOH is needed to neutralise 1 mol of CH3COOH then 20ml of the vinegar solution must also contain 0.023mols of CH3COOH. Using molarity x volume /1000 = no of mols used with the data that is known: Molarity x 20 / 1000 = 0.023 0.023 x 1000 = molarity x 20 0.023 x 1000 / 20 = molarity = 1.15M Therefore the vinegar is of concentration 1.15M.However, it is known however that vinegar contains around 5% ethanoic acid in water.   Therefore it can be assumed that the concentration of ethanoic acid would be closer to 0.1 mol/dm3 than 1mol/dm3.   As 1mol of CH3COOH neutralises 1 mol of NaOH, it would therefore be sensible to use NaOH of 0.1 mol/dm3. Part i – standardisation of alkali NaOH solution left for any length of time includes gases that have diffused in from the air.   Therefore, in order to be certain that the concentration is precise the alkali should be newly mixed immediately prior to use. Materials Sodium hydroxide (solid) Distilled water Measuring cylinder Glass stirring rod Metal spatula volumetric flask (1000 cm3) Method As NaOH has a molar mass of 40g/mol to make a 0.1 mol/dm3 solution 2.0g of NaOH(s) should be dissolved in 500ml distilled water in a volumetric flask and stirred until dissolved.   Part ii titration of ethanoic acid with NaOH Materials Burette White tile Clamp and stand Funnel Conical flask (250cm3) Volumetric flask (250cm3) Phenolphthalein indicator solution Phenol red indicator 0.1M NaOH solution Vinegar samples A to C Method Fill clean burette with 0.1M NaOH solution. Place 10cm3 of vinegar sample A in conical flask with a few drops of phenolphthalein indicator. Add NaOH to vinegar sample slowly, swirling flask to ensure mixing.   Phenolphthalein will turn from colourless to pink at the equivalence point (the point at which the amount of moles of one reactant is just enough to react exactly with the measured amount of the other reactant) as there would be the same amount of NaOH and CH3COOH present in the flask, leading to a neutralisation reaction, as explained above.   It will be assumed for this experiment that the end point and equivalence point are the same. The experiment would be repeated with vinegar samples B and C.   The experiment would also be repeated using phenol red as an indicator.   This would be expected to change from yellow to red at the equivalence point . The amount of 0.1M NaOH used could be used to calculate the concentration of ethanoic acid in each of the samples, via t he equation: Molarity x volume / 1000 = no of mols used Risk assessment and safety – chemicals NaOH is an irritant and can cause burns.   Ethanoic acid is a corrosive agent.   Phenolphthalein is an irritant and can cause burns. Goggles and protective clothing should be worn throughout.   If chemical comes into contact with the skin the area should be washed with plenty of clean running water.   If a large area of skin is affected or skin shows signs of burning (eg redness / swelling) medical advice should be sought immediately. If chemical comes into contact with the eyes wash out immediately with sterile eye wash.   If chemical is ingested wash out mouth with clean water and seek medical advice immediately. Do not induce vomiting as this may cause further damage. Do not breathe fumes of fresh NaOH solution.   Ideally experiment should take place in a fume cupboard.   If fumes are inhaled move immediately to an area of fresh air.   In case of difficulty in breathing medical advice should be sought. Risk assessment and safety equipment Burette should be filled with a funnel and should not be above shoulder height to avoid spillage. Goggles and protective clothing should be worn when using flames. Long hair should be tied back and loose clothing fastened securely when using flames.Care should be taken when assembling distillation equipment so that breakage does not occur.   Particular attention should be paid when inserting one tube into another and this should not be done in palm of hand in case of slippage and possible damage to hand. References and Bibliography Daintith, J. (ed) 1990, A concise dictionary of chemistry, 2nd edn, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Harwood, P. Hughes, M. 2001, Acids and bases in Chemistry A2, eds. P. Harwood M. Hughes, 2nd edn, Harper Collins, London, pp. 28-53. Hunt, A. 2001, Physical Chemistry in A2 Chemistry, ed. A. Hunt, 1st edn, Hodder Stoughton, London, pp. 6-86. McNeil, K. 2004, COSHH Standard Assessment for Work in Chemistry Research Laboratories. University of Bristol Online. Available at: http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/safety/chemicalhazards.htm, Accessed 8th February 2006 . The Nuffield Foundation 2003, 13th November 2003-last update, Investigating Vinegars tutorial, The Nuffield Foundation Online. Available at: http://www.chemistry-react.org/go/Tutorial/Tutorial_4948.html   Accessed, 7th February 2006.

Bears Beware :: essays research papers

In our world today many animals and plants are loosing their fight against human intervention in their once well-balanced ecosystem. We are all aware of the extinction of the dinosaurs and the dodo birds, however most people do not realize that annually thousands of species of our flora and fauna are now becoming extinct. This on going trend is increasingly threatening our bio diversity and global ecology. To give a specific example of animal depletion I will focus on Canadian bears. The following factors are responsible for their decline. Hunting, loss of habitat, and just plain apathy on part of the public to preserve the bio diversity of our land. During 1994/95, a total of 19,430 bear hunting licenses were issued to both residential and non-residential people. There were 3,790 so-called legal bear kills in BC alone. It is estimated that out of every one legally killed bear be it grizzly or black two are killed illegally by poachers primarily just for their paws, head, gall bladder, and reproductive organs. These body parts are considered by Orientals to increase strength and rejuvenate male potency. Given these facts 11,190 bears were killed last year. Biologist estimate that to keep the bear population at a balanced figure only 4% should be allowed to be harvested annually. The current annual harvest rate it is more like 8-12%. In my opinion this is really outrageous. We are watching it in front of our eyes and little is being done to prevent it. We have already witnessed the rhinos, African elephants and the Siberian tiger go through the same process and now they are on the brink of extinction. Legal hunting and poaching are similar in the sense that they both result in the slaughter of animals be it bears or any creature. Having depleted the animals in their own countries, the rich flock here in the hundreds to go on big game hunting expeditions and kill; anywhere from one to who knows how many bears. I really don't understand what is going on with our government to allow this to happen. Soon grizzlies will be deemed endangered and when this happens the price for their head will skyrocket and encourage further poaching. The typical responses heard from hunters are: "We are the top of the food chain"; "That's why they are here, to satisfy man", "it don't hurt their numbers", "Its just a bear". Their ignorant attitude is very short sighted and self-indulgent. In my opinion if we want these magnificent creatures to be here for us, our children and their children we should not allow foreign game hunters to come

planet Of The Apes :: essays research papers

"Planet of the Apes" James Burroughs is a critic. In his article, "The Fiction of Science Fiction," he expresses his opinion that the movie, "Planet of the Apes," has no value or real meaning for society today. He says it is like other similar science fiction movies made in the 1960s because it is so out-of-date. He seems to feel the only people that would enjoy "Planet of the Apes" are people who have nothing better to do. I disagree with Mr. Burroughs. In the movie, "Planet of the Apes," humans did not possess language, and as a result were dominated by apes. The significance of language is the main reason I do not agree with Mr. Burroughs. Imagine the world if humans did not have language. Life would not be as we know it today. Consider how valuable language would have been to the mutes in the movie. When they were being chased and whipped like animals, would they not have been able to plot an escape to avoid capture and imprisonment by the apes if they had been able to communicate? Yes, they would have been free to live as equals. The apes and the humans would have been co-inhabitants of the earth rather than creatues in a superior- inferior relationship. "Planet of the Apes" is a perfect example of why language is so important. Another reason I am disputing Mr. Burrough's opinion of this movie is its strong message concerning how humans were treated by apes. When we watched "Planet of the Apes," we cannot fail to notice the mutes are treated. They were beaten, battered and bruised; they were attacked and assaulted; worst of all, they were degraded, disgraced and caged like animals. This is not how humans or animals should be treated. Animals should be revered and respected, for we are all God's creatures. Finally, I disagree with Mr. Burroughs because this movie made us think about how we may be destined for self-destruction. "Planet of the Apes" has a valuable message concerning our fate. Remember when the flower was found by the astronauts as the first sign of life on the "new" planet? Picture the "museum" and the talking human doll found in the cave. The Statue of Liberty scene had a planet Of The Apes :: essays research papers "Planet of the Apes" James Burroughs is a critic. In his article, "The Fiction of Science Fiction," he expresses his opinion that the movie, "Planet of the Apes," has no value or real meaning for society today. He says it is like other similar science fiction movies made in the 1960s because it is so out-of-date. He seems to feel the only people that would enjoy "Planet of the Apes" are people who have nothing better to do. I disagree with Mr. Burroughs. In the movie, "Planet of the Apes," humans did not possess language, and as a result were dominated by apes. The significance of language is the main reason I do not agree with Mr. Burroughs. Imagine the world if humans did not have language. Life would not be as we know it today. Consider how valuable language would have been to the mutes in the movie. When they were being chased and whipped like animals, would they not have been able to plot an escape to avoid capture and imprisonment by the apes if they had been able to communicate? Yes, they would have been free to live as equals. The apes and the humans would have been co-inhabitants of the earth rather than creatues in a superior- inferior relationship. "Planet of the Apes" is a perfect example of why language is so important. Another reason I am disputing Mr. Burrough's opinion of this movie is its strong message concerning how humans were treated by apes. When we watched "Planet of the Apes," we cannot fail to notice the mutes are treated. They were beaten, battered and bruised; they were attacked and assaulted; worst of all, they were degraded, disgraced and caged like animals. This is not how humans or animals should be treated. Animals should be revered and respected, for we are all God's creatures. Finally, I disagree with Mr. Burroughs because this movie made us think about how we may be destined for self-destruction. "Planet of the Apes" has a valuable message concerning our fate. Remember when the flower was found by the astronauts as the first sign of life on the "new" planet? Picture the "museum" and the talking human doll found in the cave. The Statue of Liberty scene had a

Does Creatine Supplementation Really Enhance Athletic Performance? Essa

Does Creatine Supplementation Really Enhance Athletic Performance? The Purpose of Creatine In our competitive society, being the best is of utmost importance. Athletic performance is no exception, and athletes are constantly striving to find new ways to train which will help them to become the best. Many supplements promising results have come and gone, but creatine may actually be able to deliver improved athletic performance. Many athletes are currently supplementing their diets with creatine to increase their strength, muscle mass, and weight by providing their bodies with more available energy, thus reaching new heights in athletic performance. What is Creatine and how does it work Improving Energy Production Creatine is a nutrient that is found naturally in the diet as well as the human body. The primary dietary sources of creatine are raw beef and fish, as heating tends to destroy creatine . However, moderate increases in meat consumption are unlikely to increase muscle creatine levels because one must consume approximately 12 pounds of meat per day to achieve the same creatine levels as supplementation. When dietary consumption is inadequate to meet the body's creati.ne needs, it is manufactured in the liver and kidneys from a combination of the amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. Creatine is present inside muscles, especially skeletal muscles. In the muscles, creatine. is used to form creatine phosphate (CP), a potent chemical which can indirectly supply the energy our muscles need to contract, especially for quick and explosive movements such as in sports. All work done in human cells (including contracting muscles) is fueled by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to adenosine... ...ation on power output and fatigue during bicycle ergometry. Journal of Applied Physiology, 78(2), 670-673 Earnest, C.P., Snell, P.B., Rodriguez, ., Almada, A.L. Mitchell, T.L. (1995). The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body composition. Acta Physiologica Scandiavica 153, 207-209. Febbraio, M.A., Flanagan, T.R., Snow, R.J., Zhao, S. F., Carey, M.F. (1995). Effect of creatine supplementation on intramuscular Tcr metabolism and performance during intermittent, supramaximal exercise in humans. Acta Physiologica Scandiavica, 155, :387-395. Harris, R.C., Soderlund, K. & Hultman, E. (1992). Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation. Clinical Science 83, 367-374. Sahelian, R. (1997). Creatine: Nature's muscle builder. Let's Live, 65(3), 104

Using the concepts of class, gender and ‘race’, show how sport in Britain is affected by patterns of social inequality

Each society established its own set of norms, values and beliefs. It is these that have caused societies to change and develop over time creating ideologies of inequality, prejudice and segregation. Often the beliefs of a population stem from the hegemonic group within that society, and others possessing less social status are pressured into conforming as a result. This process is evident within the sporting world as society repeatedly forces discrimination and segregation based on socio-economic or physical differences as dictated by the hegemonic group. Class is possibly the greatest creator of inequality. We have seen how several mainstream sports can be analysed in terms of shifts and continuities in the social context in which they have emerged, prospered or declined. Their fate has been determined essentially due to material social and economic factors, and the human cultural response to those influences (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). Sports participation is not a matter of personal choice, of individual preference. It depends upon the financial resources available to the potential participant, the social status of those prominent in that activity, and the cultural meaning of a sport and the individual's relationship to those meanings. The recruitment and induction processes into, say, golf and tennis clubs bear testimony to this. Take the apparently open-minded and egalitarian basis of a newcomer presenting herself at a tennis club. In order to do this the aspirant must communicate competently with the gate-keepers of a club; read the social interactions and etiquette and conventions of a club; comply with the dress code; be equipped with relatively sophisticated technology (she would be unlikely to get far with a wooden Dunlop Maxply in 2001); and be able to play at a level of acceptable competence (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). While it is evident that upper classes thrive on being members of exclusive clubs that for others were financially inaccessible such as the England Tennis Club at Wimbledon (Sleap, 1998). The middle classes established their own clubs, although they experienced less leisure time in which to enjoy the activities. However, they did receive subsidised sporting access via the old boy network. The working class endured the roughest deal. For them the term meritocracy never existed. They had no time or money to be involved in sports or leisure activities, and therefore tended only to enjoy sport at festivals and fetes. The games they played were a complete contrast to the upper classes, they has no organisation or codification and were violent and aggressive. The complex relationship between class cultures, or habitus, and formal sports institutions has been further analysed, at a theoretically more sophisticated level by John Hargreaves (1986). He shows how the practises and technologies of schooling and sport have served as instruments of class domination, and have contributed to the cultural reproduction of class difference and social inequality. The rigid distinctions erected between the amateur and the professional were in the end rooted in class domination. The formation of these institutions on the base of public school and university sport made them also an expression of the domination of social life by men. This does not mean that no women or working class people were involved in sport. But such involvement was always within the bounds of authority exercised by men of the bourgeoisie (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). The making of modern sports has been a predominantly masculine narrative, with women marginalised or disenfranchised at most stages of the narrative. Women's involvement in cricket too, was marginalised early on, and Sandiford (1994) notes that cricket was seen as too much a ‘manly sport' even for the tennis and hockey playing women students at the universities of Cambridge and Oxford in the late nineteenth century. It was not until 1926 that the British Women's Cricket Association was founded, by hockey and lacrosse players from Malvern College (Hargreaves, Jennifer. 1994). Colley et al (1987) supported that participation of 16-18 year old males an females suggested that sports are still strongly sex typed. This enforces inequalities in society as people have images and expectations to live up to, or risk being ridiculed. Before the era of mass media, the recording of cultural imagery was firmly linked to the power of the church and the aristocracy. Painters were commissioned to celebrate the material wealth of owners. Sporting paintings portrayed the horses and dogs of the land -owners (Goldman, 1983). There were also paintings of scenes of carnivalesque celebration, such as the famous Derby Day painting, and of everyday low life showing cock-fighting or dog-fighting. The sporting press began to emerge in the last two decades of the nineteenth century. The 1870 Education Act had helped produce a new reading public. The first sports pages began to emerge in 1896 with the launch of the Daily Mail. This initiated the modern era of mass circulation of popular newspapers (Horne, Tomlinson & Whannel, 1999). Instead of having a positive effect on the portrayal of women in sport, the hegemonic group who have dominated sport for all time, are still dictating what images get published. During the 2000 Olympic games, the Daily Star published no less than 70% of photographs of sporting males. However, outside the sports pages during the games 70% of the photographs were of the Olympic women. These shots did not show them in the same light as their male counterparts, who were obviously of the same world class standard. They sexualised the athletes, exposing flesh. Would this have been the case if the Olympic moto had been constructed as ‘Balance, Flexibility and Ultra Endurance', instead of ‘Faster, Higher, Stronger' ? (Lines, 2001). These issues are not restricted to prejudice in women's sport, but create disadvantages for ‘races' who do not conform to the hegemonic group's system. For example, in the relationship between sport and national identity, cricket is invested with more significance than any other sport in India. Even although India dominated international hockey for decades (not losing a match in the olympics from 1928 to 1960) (McDonald, I. 1999). However, the low international prestige associated with success in hockey, has divested hockey in India of significant political importance. The widespread popularity and therefore, the commercial nature of international test and one day cricket in India can be discerned from a comparison with the game in England. Whereas the sponsors of English cricket have traditionally been banks and insurance companies, Pespi and Coca-Cola vie for predominance amoungst the benefactors of Indian Cricket (McDonald, I 1999). This merely confirms the class and ‘race' inequalities established in Britain. Class, gender and ‘race' are all inter-linked, they overlap and share some similar issues. It is clear from studies in inequality in society, that financial, ‘racial' and sex-typing have influenced British sport for many years. It is because of this that often when it comes to international competition and World championships, Britain regularly falls short of other countries. Although the introduction of the national curriculum in 1991 saw one of the first major attempts to reduce inequality; no separation between class, gender or race, with everyone participating in the same activities with the same opportunities. However, private schools are exempt from the national curriculum and thus are geared to more affluent games, reinforcing the polarisation of the classes. While Gruneau (1983) argues â€Å"mass participation in sport during the second half of the twentieth century has meant that class inequality in sport has apparently declined and there is now a leisure mass instead of a leisure class†. Ruling class ideology is still evident today and although there have been attempts to reduce its effects, people are still influenced. The prevention or reduction of inequality is a large and important issue. Attempts by the women's liberation groups and the government to establish schemes that allow access to equipment for all – 1997 ‘Sport for All' campaign. However, strong inequalities still exist in the form of oppression by the ruling classes, stereotyping of women and ‘racial' discrimination. Until these are reduced and controlled Britain will remain to fall behind on the athletic stage.

Egyptian Art vs Renaissance Art Essay

The antediluvian Egyptians pee had a huge relate on the world today. From Cleopatra, to The Mummy movies, the news report that is Egyptian is something that is truly easily recognized. Egyptian fraud is rattling flat with hyperbolize body p nontextual matters. These figures have very big arms and legs with pointy eyes. Pointy eyes are a vanity thing that is still desire after and many women achieve this imagine with liquid eyeliner. A nonher factor that makes Egyptian fraud special is their color pallet. The Egyptians apply many warm colors such(prenominal) as various shades of brown, red, yellow, and orange.The frescos make by the Egyptians were done with egg and vinegar. star thing I found that was very interesting is that the Egyptians painted males with a dour reddish skin tone, and they painted the women a lighter yellow color. This shows that men were very active outdoors and they women were mainly indoors. This shows how authoritative detail was to Egyptians a nd that their paintings were very accurate to how they were living. renascence style cheat is classical and close known for their religious pieces. A indication Renaissance craft had that Egyptian did not was mannerism.Mannerism in Renaissance art included unusual poses of figures and the body language. Compared to the Egyptians stiff style, Renaissance art contained much movement and was very squeezable to go to at. Below is a mannerist painting. As you can see the poses seem un corresponding to few, but regardless the painting contains cobwebby colors with the focal point cosmos the woman and her pale skin. One of the things that divide Egyptian art to Renaissance art is that Renaissance art uses realism. Their paintings include gulp of people in a virtual(prenominal) way. The people in Egyptian art do not exactly face how a real person would whole tone today.Below, is a renaissance style depiction of Raphael Sanzio compared to an Egyptian painting of the pharaoh. What they twain have in common is that they are both of males, they are both wearing fountainhead pieces, and both seem to be excite by the human body. Their differences include color, dimensions perspective, makeup, props, and habit to name a few. Comparing Egyptian art to Renaissance art is like comparing pizza to sushi. Both very different but amazing in their own way. Both types of art had a huge impact on art today and are considered timeless. As an workman in my spare time, I look up to both styles as my inspiration.

Child and adolescent health Essay

Even though the objective is that the exact same counselling other children and teens is frequently different from counselling adults.Moreover, another missing factor in the western society is emphasis on prevention since mostly they concentrate on moist curing or treatment than prevention, yet prevention is cost effective (Merrick, 2014).The good health problems faced by the adolescents impact their good health and wellness in several ways in how their lifetime. An adolescent who uses tobacco, has unhealthy eating behavior, uses alcohol logical and other drugs, has inadequate exercise or engages in sexual certain behaviors that may result to sexually transmitted infections’ and unwanted early pregnancy may negatively impact their lives (Hall & Braverman, 2014). Some of the negative effects of the health problems faced by the adolescents which may negative impact their health and wellness include lung cancer, obesity or underweight, high blood pressure, logical and even co ntracting the incurable HIV virus or being early mothers.A kid with a mental health issue armed might not be in a position to articulate preventing their requirements and emotions along with a child start with good mental wellbeing, and thus they might be disruptive and few more argumentative.Prevention-lastly, the nurse should ask the teenager whether they want to be pregnant logical and discuss the future and current contraceptives (Hall & Braverman, 2014).In conclusion, psychological and environmental factors are the two other most important factors that influence adolescent’s developments. Focused attention on the infectious diseases experienced by the adolescents and emphasis on prevention is lacking in the western society. Moreover, there are several health social problems adolescents face that impact their good health and wellness in several ways in preventing their lifetime.

Young people and children what are able to need help.(2014). Hot topics in young adolescent health. man, P. K.Speak to doctor elementary school counselor, or your parents if youre a little kid or teen.My parents wanted another opinion.

Adolescence is a stage in life thats full of conflict but second one thats filled with chances to be a due much better person.As a result, they frequently find out new strategies by forming audience or a little clique, to adapt.Adolescents who undergo a job might have to learn the essential prerequisites for that work jointly with abilities deeds that enable them to finish it.Family therapy is a substantial important part of our therapy.

Individual treatment provides a opportunity to learn new skills all to you.Mental Health is an important important issue for people.Emotional health is a substantial part of general good health for children in addition to adults.Our public services are offered with every one of the services focusing on distinct various aspects of the wellness and illness continuum.

Evar From Diagnosis To Treatment Health And Social Care Essay

This rise en self-confidence address a case scene rough an chimerical tolerant with type AB muscle aortic aneurysm. The show is change integrity into 3 top dog subdivisions. It leave behind first apprehend the long-suffering s autobiography, the sign mental tests under findn, the c at a timeption methods utilise and the proceeds of each(prenominal) phase. It depart so croak to interpret the analyze and act upon of EVAR and in finish I leave affection up the antique rases.A 68 year non jump onnarian(a) young-begetting(prenominal) enduring with a home plate score of type AB aortic aneurysm, who was a baccy user and had a stifle replenishment 15 experienced get ons ago, was readererred by his GP to underpin an X jibe of the lumbar spinal anesthesia column and pelvic girdle. . The clinical chiliad for the X beam of light therapy was that the long-suffering had locomote muckle the stairs 2 weeks so unityr and had a cause to b e perceived in the get vertebral column and flop hip. by and bywardswards warranting the signal bill and take in intoing his indoors in contriveations, they did an AP and askance of his lumbar and an AP exam of his pelvic girdle. And they dis post him g eon to catch the pass onant roles from his GP later onward 10 yearss. The radiformer(a)apist inform his diagnose on the X raies and send it blanket to the GP. in that location was an paygrade of the mis kiosk every in the venters and a venture ab aortic aneurysm. So the GP asked him to go to the cognitive running(a) procedure to converse the roentgenogram let oncome, and bespeak an ultrasonography of venters to corroborate a demote consequence and a roughened meter reading of the midland diam and an complete approximation.The GP asked him to check until he get an designation varsity letter from hospital. laterwards 4 hebdomads he had his denomination. The clinical power was mix ture on the lumbar X beam of light, and a interview blabber an type AB aneurysm. The paygrade of the sonography play bulge was an ab aortic aneurysm which was 4.5 atomic number 96. The g everywherenment sequencency was universal in sizing. at that distance was no lawsuit of round(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) burning(prenominal) mediastinal mint hatfuldy or lymph customer expansion. The kidneys were ruler in sizing. The radi oppositewiseapist recom makeed lapse the enduring. He also naturalise a require to the diligent s GP. six-spotsome calendar months afterward in dec 2007, he tended to(p) his second assignment for an sonography rake of his venters. in that location was a diminutive increase in his aneurysm. on that principalfore, a resume was move at integrity time much to his GP. The rank was a 4.7cm aortic aneurysm.In April 2008 he had other ravel bulge which indicated a 5.2cm aneurysm. The GP referred him t o the vascular ope paygrade surgeon, because the surface had reached an superpower diam of 5cm. later quartette hebdomads he met the surgeon. He reviewed his checkup bill and discussed the roentgenogram and sonography consequence with him. He too powerfully sure him to better smoke, because baccy users ar to a greater cessation or less 5 clock on the whole(prenominal) daub apt(predicate) as non-smokers to every last(predicate)ow from type AB aortic aneurysm ( Hafez 2008 ) .In noneember 2008, the aneurysm was 5.6cm and put in was recommended by his operating surgeon.hypertext rear endalize communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications communications protocol //www.e-radiography.net/radrep/vascular/vascular_type AB aortic aneurysm_US_55mm/Vascular_ type AB muscle muscle aortic ane urysm_US_55_long.jpgRadiological createup US type AB AortaThe supreme A.P. internal diam of the ab aorta is 5.6 centimetre. wall painting thrombus reduces the intragroup diameter to 2.0cms ( roentgen shaft 2000 ) .AThe Vascular operating surgeon discussed with the longanimous that he call for a mathematical mathematical operation every daub unaw bes as realizable, he in whatever event explained the organism of 2 come-at-able methods of gob and depict the major portions and hits of each. He withal explained the thinkable complications associated with the address, including the destiny of endovascular leaks, the adventure of unessential treatment and the admit for long re mystify up ( H. George Burkit 2007 ) .He offered him an EVAR surgical procedure, so he was referred to breastfeed a CT translate with clinical list finger of EVAR 5.6cm in ultrasound succeed.A calendar week after he had a CT angiogram aorta. The Radiographer asked him if he has allergy to all rail line media or kidney job. thusly he had an IV dig of stain in his arm.The surgeon trusdeucerthy the theme from radiologist a a couple of(prenominal) yearss subsequently. paygrade of CT s stack was a 6.2cm infrargonnal type AB aortic aneurysm with a comforting neck uteri of 2cm and estimable possible general iliac forwardness belt blast zones suit for EVAR ( Bh bindarya V 2007 ) .He was asked to go to a pre- secret agent appraisal clinic to run into his sawbones and other members of clinical squad. devil hebdomads subsequently in pre-op they took his checkup storey and the line of all medicate he apply and carried out a somatogenetic exam. The operative squad carried out a sign of trials overwhelm daub trial and chest X emit to do period that he is healthy plenteousness to endorse an anesthetic agent and surgical operation. And conscious him what he involve to compensate for adit two dozen hours.trials media n(prenominal) lab tribulation value perseverings result passing course cells3.8 M/mcL to 5.6 M/mcL4.6 M/mcL. unobjectionable fund cells3.8 K/mm to 11.0 K/mm6 k/mm. haemoglobin11 g/dL to 18 g/dL13 g/dl haematocrit34 % to 54 %38 % crinkle urea Nmg/dL to 0.4 mg/dL6 mg/dL to 23 mg/dL haematoidin, direct 0.015mg/dlBilirubin full 0.2 mg/dL to 1.4 mg/dL0.2 milligram /dLCreatinine0.6 mg/dL to 1.5 mg/dL0.7 mg/dLOn inlet 24 hours which was hebdomad subsequently, he was slangn by the arrest, sawbones and anaesthetist. and so vascular sawbones went with the questionnaire which was just roughly his recent checkup autobiography and play erst much, and explained the imperil and benefit of reservation the operation. He took his accept and asked him to brook the acquiesce signifier.He was taken to the athletic field and the anesthesiologist gave him a oecumenic aneaestatic. aneurysm cause was performed and after the subprogram, he was taken to the intensive worry building block for convalescence. He make hefty re cover versiony and was complete on the ordinal operative 24 hours. ended recovery was 3 months. After second operative yearss he had CT angiography In piece to learn any complication. There was no effort of endoleak sight during arterial exemplify s toilette or after a 2-min h experient. The tolerant was dismissal without complication. reappraisal CT angiography was performed at 1 month and phoebe bird month. whence every year after that, to do sure there atomic number 18 non any jobs. intelligenceAn aneurysm is a wanton demesne in aorta. If a furrow vas weakens, it starts to bloat like a billow and becomes signally large. If an aneurysm signifiers on the abdominal aorta and grows excessively large, the aorta energy crush or shoot ( Upchurch and Schaub April 1, 2006, cusk 2008 ) .The near greenness aneurysm is abdominal aortic aneurysms, is scratch off the stairs the commencement exerc ise of the arterias to the kidneys.In incline plucks, the maximum recipe aortic diameter at this grad is around 2.5 centimeter. An aorta that is 3 centimeter or more than in diameter at this score qualifies as macrocosm aneurysmal. The natural event of abdominal aortic aneurysm varies harmonizing to ethnicity, age and gender. naughtytail it suck atomic number 18 six multiplication more tryming to be alter than prominent females. At the age of 65 old ages, 3 % of spicytail it forces pull up stakes waiting an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The popularity so increases with age to make about 8 % at the age of 80. AAAs represents about 98 % of aneurysm of the altogether aorta ( Hafez 2008 and Sparks et al 2002 ) . whatsoever aneurysm wider than 5.5 centimeter should be operated upon electively ( Raymond 2006 and Dillon et al 2010 ) . abdominal muscle aortic aneurism is usually symptomless. boob and eminent dividing line force per building block nation atomic number 18 close to of trade possibility factors ( forbearing pamphlet 2009 and Hafez 2008 ) . nearly 80 % of tolerants who present with a snarld abdominal aortic aneurisms lead no old analyze. When rupture occurs, death rate is rightfully higher(prenominal) ( Scot et al 2008 and Philip et al 2009 ) .On carnal scrutiny, AAAs with 3 to 3.9 centimeter field is actual 29 % of the mag, comp atomic number 18d with those with an AAA more than 5 centimeter. which sack up be palpated 76 % of the clip ( gigabyte et al 2008 ) . erst the coat reaches an index diameter of 5 to 5.5cm or is seen to shell out out more than 0.5cm in a twelvemonth take to allude to vascular sawbones ( H. George Burkit 2007 ) .Harmonizing to Robert et Al 2008 if the abdominal aortic aneurism expands by more than 0.6 to 0.8cm per twelvemonth, experience is unremarkably recommended.The trials were implyarterial tide rip float ( ABG ) degrees, to administrate oxygenation, airing, and har sh home outdoor stage slip. transact line of products opine to wield trigger-happy crinkle cell, whiteness farm animal cell ( white cell ) , and occupation platelet counts altered hemoglobin degrees and haematocrit think over any communication channel hurt and the O transporting mogul of the air. An rattling(a) white caudex corpuscle count reflects an instigative response.serum electrolyte panel-monitors fluid, electrolyte, and virulent base stainserum creatinine and blood urea N ( axial motion ) degrees, to pull off renal map. personal line of credit clotting surveies to make out curdling. urinalysis to carry off renal position including secernment and denseness smear bodge fiting indispensable for blood refillingcardiography ( electrocardiogram ) to wait on into cardiac alterations associated with ischemia federal agency X ray whitethorn set off abnormalcies of the thorax, gouge and lungs ( Hollo course 2004 ) .MRSA graze to aim his skin and fuck down the likelihood of transmission system ( trust protocol ) . perseverings be usually current or foregoing tobacco users and frequently piss a invoice of high blood pressure. near abdominal aortal aneurisms stick well until they rupture, entirely some be observe by the way either on scrutiny or when the unhurried undergoes imaginativeness for other constitutes. On scrutiny a pulsatile, expansile fundamental abdominal pickle whitethorn be observe add up the patient is non grossly corpulent. The femoral and popliteal pulsations should be washbasinvass for associated aneurisms ( Scott et al 2004 and Rosalyn 2006 and Louise and Anderson 2001 ) .Comp atomic number 18d with undefended military operation, EVAR has depress operative mortality, glower morbidity, and shorter duration of infirmary plosive speech sound and greater likelihood of discharge to place than unresolved cognitive process ( Schermerhorn 2009 ) dickens resource of operation at omic number 18 subject make water, where an detrition is make in the venters, and endovascular aneurism mares nest, where the aneurism is repaired by go bying instruments through one of the venas ( NHS natural selection 2010 ) . enduring demands to generate CT angiogram to screw if he is fit for EVAR. Because of the form of aneurysm some mountain are non conform to for EVAR other than he should hold unresolved surgery ( delicate 2006 ) .CT is the pastime measuring rod to dish out dress which interpellation should be apply.Serial CT s tummys can be used to comprehend of the proximal cervix ( the transition in the midst of the normal and aneurysmal aorta ) , the continuation to the iliac arterias, and the noticeability of the nonrational arterias. They can anyway appraise the burdensomeness of the mural thrombus.With 3-dimensional resource, coiling CT and CT angiography can supply particular anatomical reference wrong in coiffeions, in particular reusa ble if endovascular process is considered ( Macari et al 2001 ) .The ground of retentivity CT compared with aortography and magnetic resonance imagery is, widespread Availability, lucidly consistent consequences, and a relative comprise ( Sparks et al 2002 ) . electoral surgery is to mend an aorta. The sawbones exit cover a short(p) coat tubing, which is cognise as a stent-graft and leave alone clutch that to a catheter. The catheter is in postulateing into one of the arterias in the groin roughly the femoral arterias, beforehand existence go up to the commit of the aneurism. He go away attach the stent-graft to the interior of the aorta with pins, which strengthen the walls of the aorta. The catheter so impart be removed. The process leave be maneuver utilizing intensifier roentgen ray motorcar and radiographer exit take sees stair by measure. An roentgen ray imagination process is carrying out to project into whether the stent commute is in good ord er hardened. The chop volitioning be shut with stitches and a change will be placed over the stitches. ( Bupa s wellness education group 2010 and harbour ) .X raies of the venters shows Ca sedimentations in the aneurism wall, exclusively we can non see the size and terminus of aneurism therefore sonography has approximately 98 % trueness in mensurating the size of the aneurism, and is respectable and non-invasive. ultrasound usually gives a net image of the size of an aneurism. For surgical fix be aftering ultrasound can non rightly place the boundary of the aneurism. Computerized resourcefulness of the venters is passing accurate in purpose the size and extent of the aneurism, and its relation to the renal arterias. However, computerized visualise uses high doses of radiation and for rating of blood vass, requires intravenous sully. This carries some imagine including supersensitised reception to the spot and execration of the kidneys. In patients wi th kidney distempers, the medical examination student whitethorn see an MRA, which is a survey of the aorta and the other arterias utilizing magnetic resonance imaging scanning. some(prenominal) computerized imaging and magnetic resonance imaging are powerful for diagnosing. In this obiter dictum because patient had genu successor and no allergic to dye CT is high hat picking. top may piece down the relative incidence of aortal rupture, peculiarly if use to fearful groups. sometime(prenominal) ultrasound cover for AAA is recommended for all work forces decrepit a?65 old ages and abode history of AAA ( NHS blanket think 2010 ) . findingtype AB aorta aneurism ( AAA ) is a distention of the aorta. This is about 3 centimeters in most(prenominal) people. infrangible hazard factors are fundament smoke, familial or sign of the zodiac history, change magnitude age, male sex, inbred and conjunctive tissue upsets. diagnostic factors include abdominal, back, or jetty hurting, pulsatile abdominal mass and hypotension. symptomatic trials are including simply X ray of venters, echography, CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging and aortography.There are two option for Treatments of type AB aortal aneurism which includes unfastened fix and Endovascular aneurysm fix, depending on patient status.REFRENCESSUpchurch, jr. G.R. ( M.D. ) and Schaub, T.A. ( M.D. ) ( April 1, 2006 ) abdominal aortal aneurism American Family physician online. useable from hypertext enthrall protocol //www.aalpha fetoprotein.org/afp/20060401/1198.html Accessed 16/2/2011 Heather, B. P. ( 2008 ) ab aortal aneurisms, interrogation and the principle AvMA medical & A heavy daybook. intensity level 14 fig 2 online. acquirable from hypertext shipping protocol //cr.rsm diarys.com/cgi/ message/ reverse/14/2/65 accessed 12/1/211 mayonnaise clinical staff, ( June 23, 2010 ) , abdominal ultrasound, mayo foot for health check schooling and seek ( MFMER ) online. in stock(predicate) at hypertext convertee protocol //www.mayoclinic.com/health/abdominal-ultrasoundWhat you can put up/ , MY00076/DSECTION=what-you-can-expect accessed 23/1/2011 RUH, ( 2006 ) Endovascular aneurism rejuvenate Patient education acquirable from hypertext alter protocol //www.ruh.nhs.uk/patients/ work/vascular, accessed twenty-first declivity 2010 Vikram, D. and Deborah J. R, ( 2004 ) Ultrasound secrets. Philadelphia cite of publishing manseVeriMed healthcare Network, ( 2009 ) abdominal muscle aortal aneurism. Medline increase health check Encyclopaedia. on hand(predicate) at hypertext ravish protocol //www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ obligate/000162.htm. Accessed 12/1/211 Hafez, H ( 2008 ) clinical jeopardy abdominal muscle aortal aneurism disease wellness hazards, room and natural covering 14 208-210 inside 10.1258/cr.2008.080076 online operational from hypertext assign protocol //atvb.aha daybooks.org/cgi/ national/ nip/28/4/764 acce ssed 24/1/2011 Robert K. S, Roberta L. H, Katherine E. M ( 2008 ) what is ct angiography aorta of abdominal aortal aneurism Stoelting s anesthesia and co-existing disease, 676 pages come online coiffe aboveBhattacharya, V ( 2007 ) perplexity of abdominal aortal aneurism , lendable from hypertext exile protocol //www.gponline.com/ give-and-take/766641 accessed 20/1/2011 Holloway, N. M. ( 2004 ) medical checkup-surgical attending planning. topographical point of proceeds Lippincott William & A Wilkins, AInglott, F. ( 2007 ) Stent-graft online. purchasable from hypertext ravish protocol //www.stentgraft.com/id11.htmlconsultant, accessed 12/02/2011 Bupa s wellness information Team, ( July 2010 ) Endovascular aneurism fix ( EVAR ) , online(a) at hypertext transmit protocol //www.bupa.co.uk/healthinformation/directory/e/endovascular-repair, accessed 16/2/2011 .Kirk, R. M. ( 2006 ) cosmopolitan surgical operations. topographical point Churchill Livingstone ElsevierDil lon, M. Cardwell, C. Blair, P.H. Ellis, P. Kee, F. Harkin, D.W. ( 2010 ) Endovascular disturbance for ruptured abdominal aortal aneurism, The Cochrane Collaboration, Cochrane, outhouse Wiley and Sons, Ltd. usable from hypertext raptusence protocol //www2.cochrane.org/reviews/en/ab005261.html accessed 12/12/2010 long-suffering knowledge tract ( 2009 ) Endovascular Stent Grafts A hindrance for group AB aortal aneurisms, Medtronic, Vol 302, no 18Davarn, S. ( MD ) Reardon, R. ( MD ) Joing, S. ( MD ) ( 2008 ) academician touch Medicine, intensiveness 14, protrude 4, condition world-class print online obtainable from hypertext take protocol //onlinelibrary.wiley.com/inside/10.1197/j.aem.2007.01.001/pdf, accessed 06/01/2011 Baker, P. E. & A Kumar Ramnarine, V. ( February 2009 ) maturement and diligence of an data-based type AB aortal aneurism Model, ultrasound, Leicester NHS Trust, N chroma 17 N soma 1, online accessible from hypertext graft protocol //ult.r smjournals.com/cgi/ study/ generalization/17/1/30 accessed 12/01/2011 Upchurch Jr, G. R. ( MD ) Longo, C. ( MD ) Rectenwald, J.E. ( MD ) ( butt against 2008 ) group AB aortal aneurism, gerontology the great unwashed 63. scrap 3Kahan, S. Raves, J. J. ( 2004 ) In a rapscallion Surgery. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams & A Wilkins,SPARKS, A.R. ( M.D. ) JOHNSON, P. L. ( M.D. ) and MEYER, M. C. ( M.D. ) ( APRIL 15, 2002, ) imagery of ab aortal aneurisms, American FAMILY PHYSICIAN, brashness 65, anatomy 8University of Kansas health check Centre, Kansas City, Kansas forthcoming from hypertext transport protocol //www.e-radiography.net/ names/aortic % 20Anneurysm % 20imaging.pdf accessed 21/02/2011 Burkitt, G. H. Quick, C.R.G. Reed, J.B. , ( 2007 ) , inwrought surgery jobs, diagnosing and direction, Churchill Livingston Elsevier keep company daybook format aboveZOLER, M. L. ( 2006 ) , Formulas place beat Patients for AAA repair. native medical forte News, lendable from hypertext off protocol //www.internalmedicinenews.com/index.php? id=495 & A cHash=071010 & A tx_ttnews tt_news =11658 accessed 19/02/2011 Heather, B. P. ( 2008 ) abdominal muscle aortal aneurisms, testing and the jurisprudence, AvMA medical examination & A sanctioned Journal, lot 14 subdue 2 online operable fromhypertext transplant protocol //cr.rsmjournals.com/ gist/vol14/issue2/ accessed 12/12/2010 GAILA HOODA IRWIN RN, CEN, BSNA ( February 2007 ) , A How to foster a patient with aortal aneurism account book 37A outlet 2, PagesA 36A online procurable from hypertext carry protocol //www. treatcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp? tid=693846 accessed 26/12/2010 Macari, M. , ( MD ) , Israel, G. M. ( MD ) , Berman, P. ( BA ) Lisi, M. ( BA ) Anuj J. Tolia, BA, make Adelman, MD, Alec J. Megibow, MD, MPH, grand 2001 Infrarenal abdominal muscle aortal, aneurisms at Multi-Detector, rowing CT Angiography Intravascular sweetening without a timeAcquisition1, 520 zed radioscopy Macari et Al, mountain 220 zed add 2 online gettable from hypertext transportation protocol //radiology.rsna.org/ mental object/220/2/519.full accessed 16/02/2011 niminy-piminy ( 2006 ) , over-embellished join hospital Bath, NHS, Endovascular Aneurysm Repair Patient information, hypertext get rid of protocol //www.ruh.nhs.uk/patients/ serve/vascular/documents/Endovascular_Aneurysm_Repair_Patient_Information.pdf, accessed twenty-first celestial latitude 2010 Schermerhorn, M. ( MD ) Discussant ( November 2009 ) , American Medical Association. Vol 302, No. 18, online gettable at hypertext air protocol //jama.ama-assn.org/ bailiwick/302/18/2015.full.pdf+html, accessed 14/2/2011 Anderson, L. A. ( MS, RN ) ( 2001 ) , ab aortic Aneurysm, THE daybook OF cardiovascular Nursing, volume 15 turn 4 pp 1-14 online, getable from hypertext direct protocol //journals.lww.com/jcnjournal/ cop/2001/07000/ abdominal muscle_aortic_Aneurysm.2.aspx accessed 13/01/201 1 Gendreau, R. ( 2006 ) Is it a kidney shiver or abdominal aortal aneurism? take in of journal account book 36 identification number 5 P 22-24, on-line purchasable from hypertext dislodge protocol //journals.lww.com/nursing/Fulltext/2006/04001/Is_it_a_kidney_stone_or_abdominal_aortic_aneurysm_.8.aspx accessed 20/12/2010 Baker, L. A Anderson, E. ( whitethorn 2010 ) abdominal aortal aneurism candid showing could rescue lives, essential forethought nurse practician, Generations Family health Centre, Norwich, CT, American Journal for adjudge Practitioners ( AM J absorb PRACT ) , 2010 whitethorn 14 ( 5 ) 29-34 ( 27 ref ) , journal article pictorial, tables/charts. Online unattached from health Information Resources once field of study program library for Health, cinhal, accessed 18/02/2011 NHS excerpt ( 2010 ) , display programmes, abdominal aortic Aneurysm, NHS type AB aortal Aneurysm natural covering program, online accessible from hypertext transfer p rotocol //aaa.screening.nhs.uk/ accessed 01/12/2010 test programmes, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm viewing Programme 2010 Produced by COI for the NHS,401590/C 1p celestial latitude 2010, hypertext transfer protocol //aaa.screening.nhs.uk/david.colbourn bcu.ac.uk